Friday, May 24, 2013

Silence and Dasein


Silence is a fundamental structure of Dasein that aids care in preserving a constant expectation that attempts to ground its possibilities in something impossibly outside of its worldliness.  My first objective will be to define what Silence is and how it relates to faith and miracles.  As well, I will want to explain what exactly it means to be “outside of worldliness.”  Next, I will speak specifically about Dasein and the problem that existence has for Dasein as an always threatening groundlessness.  Finally, I will discuss how Silence is used by Dasein as anticipation for a response that Dasein knows can never come.

 To begin with, Silence is to be understood as an active refusal to communicate and not merely as an accidental or intentional absence of audible stimuli. I am not here referring to the quietness of sitting peacefully alone.  Rather, Silence is a result from an expectation of a response from something meaning giving or meaning preserving; something which covers up the anxiety of being a nothingness. The deaf can experience this Silence as vividly as any hearing-body.

Typically, a miracle is that concrete event which roots faith in some higher faith, whether it is God’s being born and dying, Moses parting the sea, or Buddha’s reaching enlightenment.  It is that event in which we attempt to bridge the gap between our finite existence and the existence of something infinite in our lives.  But the catch lies in that this higher meaning has to somehow be apart and above anything that contains our worldliness, otherwise it is merely a common entity or event. 

It is here that Slavoj Žižek’s definition of the Sacred might be instrumental to my analysis: the Sacred is a void inside ourselves which we seek to fill, yet never can (Žižek 26 – 7).  In order to register as a miracle, an event would have to register within the believer as something that satisfies the Sacred, but as Žižek explains, everything in this world amounts to “shit” when it is expected to fill the Sacred (26).  The key to Silence, then, is that it rests in a transcendence which nothing in this world can ever satisfy.

 Whatever registers as breaking the Silence must come from without, and it must remain there. Thus, it must not ever be audible (or concrete) or else it becomes worldly and suspect to the same groundlessness and finitude that haunts our own lives.  This is fundamentally the reason why witnessing a miracle and accepting a miracle are not the same thing.  The gap of absurdity is not overcome in this world.

What this leads to is that Silence has its source from something that is not in this world and has as its function the drive to ground existence in something is outside of this world, something eternal which the Sacred is held open for.  But, as was mentioned before and explained better later, Silence is an expectation and as such remains a background noise that events are contrasted with or interpreted through.  To better understand this and its everyday function, it is necessary to examine some key features of Dasein as described by Heidegger.

Dasein, the being in which its own Being is an issue (Heidegger 164), can be understood as an opening for meaning that grasps and accesses entities in relationship to its project that it is engaged.  This process is that which gives entities their instrumental value and meaning to Dasein, and have no grounding apart from their use in that project or projects.  This groundlessness is a problem that undermines and threatens Dasein’s very existence.

Heidegger describes the way in which Dasein understands its existence is in terms of possibilities of itself, whether they are chosen by Dasein or not (165).  A neglecting of possibilities, a failure to recognize the “mineness” (167 – 8) in existence, is constituent of an inauthentic mode of Being.  This inauthentic mode of being is rooted in an absorption into the world in which Dasein has been thrown, or an absorption into what Heidegger calls fallenness (178).  Here, Dasein has not taken any ownership of possibilities or choices, but has merely fallen into the security created for it.  It is for this very reason that Silence is disturbing, as Silence carries with it, as seen before, a personal relation to possibilities. This is because Silence forces a recognition of mineness within Dasein in order to recognize the criteria for a miracle in approximation with certain expectations.  This is how Silence participates in meaning creation and forces an authentic criteria for faith to be subjective faith.

The fact that this Silence can be the basis for these meaning producing relationships is only evidence as to the paradoxical nature that Silence assumes in everyday Dasein’s existence.  This is to say that Silence assumes itself actively within Dasein which is what prevents Silence itself from being a nothingness.  It is in this way that everyday occurrences are elevated as a sign of something beyond: life itself is regarded as a miracle, as is trash blowing in the wind a sign of divine presence.  It would be ridiculous to say that this trash fills the Sacred, as it is after all trash, however, it is the expectation of a miracle (the outside hand behind the trash) which creates the condition for Silence to exist.  As explained by Žižek, you cannot play hide-and-seek by only hiding, there needs to be another person seeking (Žižek 53).  So too, you cannot have Silence without the expectation of sound. And so, when listening for something outside of this world, there is only this world to listen in. The trash blowing in the wind takes on the appearance of divine presence for the relationship it has with everything that it is not, everything that it points to outside of itself.

This is why Silence becomes a background noise heard only by Dasein, it becomes something that Dasein actively seeks and in doing so produces as audible.  This Silence cannot exist on its own, but rather, it requires someone to seek it.  This mode of existing before the fact indicates the way in which Silence is heavily involved in Dasein’s tendency to project into its own possibilities (Heidegger 176), and so its relationship to care.  As residing ultimately in projection and possibility, Silence is never in the here and now but is always something which attempts to ground the potential.  This lends itself the elusive quality which allows the Sacred to remain unsatisfied, as discussed above, because whatever is slips through the void as worldly.

The most fundamental use that Dasein has for Silence is to cover the possibility of its own death, in the sense of meaning an ultimate limit put upon Dasein, and thus an end to possibilities (180).  Silence is the noise beyond death, because that which serves as evidence for the ultimate grounding of existence is also evidence to support its own eternal possibility.  Silence keeps alive the passion of listening and projecting because that which is ultimately to be heard always lies beyond.

It is in this way that Dasein, in experiencing Silence expects to hear what cannot be heard but at the same time plays an active role in Dasein’s meaning creation upon its own possibilities.  In other words, from this persistent absence the Thing appears in its own expectation.  The expectation is enough to hold open the space for the Sacred, which itself preserves faith in there being something to fill it in the first place, although that something by definition could never exist in any concrete form. Silence, then, becomes the background noise which Dasein hears in order to cover up its own not hearing, which in itself is what perpetuates its own search while it always points to something beyond the finite and so beyond what is audible.

(Word Count: 1,312)


 

Works Cited

Heidegger, Martin. “Being and Time.” Existentialist Philosophy. Ed. Nathan Oaklander.  New

Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. 1996. 164 – 180.

Žižek, Slavoj. The Fragile Absolute. New York: Verso, 2000. Print.

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